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ЗАЩИТА СИЛОВЫХ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРОВ ОТ ТОКОВ ГЕОМАГНИТНОЙ ИНДУКЦИИ (по материалам СИГРЭ-2024) Часть 1

А. А. Кувшинов, В. В. Вахнина, А. Ю. Хренников

Аннотация


Показано, что геомагнитные бури представляют реальную угрозу для электроэнергетических систем не только Арктической зоны России, но и территорий средних широт в связи с многолетним природным трендом смещения магнитного полюса с территории Канады в направлении российского сектора Арктики. Определены основные недостатки известных систем резистивного заземления нейтрали силового трансформатора для защиты от воздействия геоиндуцированных токов, заключающиеся в необходимости использования дополнительного разнородного электрооборудования для защиты заземляющего резистора от токов однофазных коротких замыканий и изоляции нейтрали от перенапряжений. Предложены количественные критерии, позволяющие выбирать сопротивление заземляющего резистора, обеспечивающее ограничение геоиндуцированных токов до безопасного для силового трансформатора уровня, не вызывающее насыщение магнитной системы. Сформулированы требования к системе резистивно-тиристорного заземления нейтрали силового трансформатора с учетом ограничений, накладываемых нормативными документами на заземляющие устройства. Разработана система резистивно-тиристорного заземления нейтрали с автоматическим переходом в режим резистивного заземления при насыщении магнитной системы под воздействием геоиндуцированных токов и возвратом в режим глухозаземленной нейтрали после прекращения геомагнитной бури. Представлены результаты полевых испытаний канала мониторинга геоиндущированных токов в нейтрали силового трансформатора 135 МВА 500/13,8 кВ ГЭС в период геомагнитной бури.

DOI: 10.71527/EP.BE.2025.05.317


Ключевые слова


электроэнергетическая система, приполярные районы, геоиндуцированный ток, силовой трансформатор, резистивно-тиристорное заземление нейтрали.

Полный текст:

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